John McCarthy invites 10 scientists with various backgrounds to a 2-week workshop at Dartmouth College bringing together top minds on automata theory, neural nets and the study of intelligence. "Generality in artificial intelligence". Based on the lambda calculus, Lisp soon became the programming language of choice for AI applications after its publication in 1960. ELIZA künstliche Intelligenz John McCarthy JULIEN OFFRAY DE LA METTRIE Alan TURING SOPHIA “ Künstliche Intelligenz Miao Wang 10 Braitenberg-Vehikel, Reaktion auf Lichtquelle. [7] McCarthy was accepted into Caltech in 1944. Einen Durchbruch für Künstliche Intelligenz prognostizierte McCarthy in "fünf bis 500 Jahren". [14], In 1958, McCarthy served on an ACM Ad hoc Committee on Languages that became part of the committee that designed ALGOL 60. [32] McCarthy died at his home in Stanford on October 24, 2011.[33]. Er stellte sich ein Zeitalter intelligenter Maschinen vor, das seinem Erachten nach innerhalb eines Jahrzehnts Realität sein würde. In 1958, he proposed the advice taker, which inspired later work on question-answering and logic programming. [9] He then served in the US Army and was readmitted, receiving a B.S. International Federation for Information Processing, "Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine", Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence, Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Conversations On the Leading Edge of Knowledge and Discovery, "John McCarthy – A.M. Turing Award Laureate", "Leading academic who coined the term 'artificial intelligence, "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Software history, LISP of John McCarthy", "John McCarthy dies at 84; the father of artificial intelligence", "On John McCarthy's 80th Birthday, in Honor of his Contributions", Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, "A. M. Turing award: John McCarthy, United States – 1971", "Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence", "Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I", "He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense", "John McCarthy, 84, Dies; Computer Design Pioneer", "Tree of John McCarthy students for the Computer History Exhibits", "The Death of TRUE Tech Innovators D. Ritchie & J. McCarthy – Yet the Death of Steve Jobs Overshadows All", "Commentary on World, US, and scientific affairs", "Stanford's John McCarthy, seminal figure of artificial intelligence, dies at 84", "President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details 1990", "John McCarthy – CHM Fellow Award Winner", "IEEE Computer Society Magazine Honors Artificial Intelligence Leaders", "Stanford School of Engineering names new engineering heroes", Celebration of John McCarthy's Accomplishments at Stanford University, Oral history interview with John McCarthy, Oral history interview with Marvin Minsky, Oral history interview with Jack B. Dennis, Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató, National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language, Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)&oldid=1011833271, California Institute of Technology alumni, Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery, American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent, Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences, Stanford University School of Engineering faculty, Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty, Presidents of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Wikipedia articles with ACM-DL identifiers, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, McCarthy, J. John McCarthy is one of the "founding fathers" of artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon. "Notes on formalizing context". Zu den Anwe­senden gehörten Computerpioniere wie Nathan Rochester, Claude Shannon und Marvin Minsky. We will look at some of the other key figures in AI. John McCarthy (1927–2011) hat Mitte der 1950er-Jahre am Dartmouth-College in Hanover (New-Hamp­shire, USA) eine in der Öffentlichkeit kaum beachtete Konferenz organsiert, die sich dem Thema Künstliche Intelligenz widmete. John McCarthy und die Anfänge des Begriffs „Künstliche Intelligenz“ […] Der Ausdruck „Künstliche Intelligenz“, darüber besteht Einigkeit, wurde von John McCarthy geprägt, der diesen Begriff in seinem Forschungsantrag vom 31. His best Usenet interaction is visible in rec.arts.books archives. Oktober 2011 in Palo Alto, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Logiker, Informatiker und Autor. John McCarthy belonged to a prestigious group of scientists who all in part were the fathers of artificial intelligence in one way or another. John McCarthy was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1927, to an Irish immigrant father and a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant mother,[4] John Patrick and Ida (Glatt) McCarthy. This is a first attempt at answering them on a layman's level or beginning student's level. This material is designed for the layman answers basic questions about artificial intelligence. John McCarthy (1927–2011) hat Mitte der 1950er-Jahre am Dartmouth-College in Hanover (New-Hampshire, USA) eine in der Öffentlichkeit kaum beachtete Konferenz organsiert, die sich dem Thema Künstliche Intelligenz widmete. McCarthy often commented on world affairs on the Usenet forums. (Marvin Minsky later joined McCarthy at MIT in 1959.) This conference started AI as a field. In 1980 the philosopher John Searle responded with his famous Chinese Room Argument,[35][13] disagreeing with McCarthy and taking the stance that machines cannot have beliefs simply because they are not conscious. In. A vast amount of literature has been written in support of one side or the other. The opinions expressed here are not all consensus opinion among researchers in AI. McCarthy, Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude E. Shannon coined the term "artificial intelligence" in a proposal that they wrote for the famous Dartmouth conference in Summer 1956. After short-term appointments at Princeton and Stanford University, McCarthy became an assistant professor at Dartmouth in 1955. McCarthy was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. (revised November 12, 2007). "Elaboration tolerance". In 1961, he was perhaps the first to suggest publicly the idea of utility computing, in a speech given to celebrate MIT's centennial: that computer time-sharing technology might result in a future in which computing power and even specific applications could be sold through the utility business model (like water or electricity). His Usenet .sig for years was, "He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense"; his license plate cover read, similarly, "Do the arithmetic or be doomed to talk nonsense. His second wife was Vera Watson, a programmer and mountaineer who died in 1978 attempting to scale Annapurna I Central as part of an all-women expedition. What is AI? [27], McCarthy was married three times. In it he wrote, "Machines as simple as thermostats can be said to have beliefs, and having beliefs seems to be a characteristic of most machines capable of problem-solving performance." John McCarthy war ein US-amerikanischer Logiker, Informatiker und Autor. However, some philosophical points of view make assumptions that have the effect of excluding the possibility of AI. Hierbei greift die Technologie auf eine Simulation künstlicher Artefakte zurück, die im Regelfall mit Computerprogrammen auf einem Computer ausgeführt werden. McCarthy, J. Euro höher liegen als ohne den Einsatz von KI. [20] This idea of a computer or information utility was very popular during the late 1960s, but had faded by the mid-1990s. In: Philosophical perspectives in artificial intelligence, ed. McCarthy definiert Künstliche Intelligenz als „[…] die Wissenschaft und Technik der Schaffung intelligenter Maschinen, insbesondere intelligenter Computerprogramme“. Anyone who has a use for it is welcome to link to it or copy it. He later married Carolyn Talcott, a computer scientist at Stanford and later SRI International. Der Grundgedanke von Künstlicher Intelligenz war geboren. 1956 prägte ein amerikanischer Computerwissenschaftler namens John McCarthy den Begriff „Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI). This conference started AI as a field. - Maschinen mit menschliche Intelligenz - Sie müssen ein Ziel oder eine Aufgabe erzielen - Sprachassistenten : Siri, Vector, Robear - John McCarthy 1956 Künstliche Intelligenz Videos Was ist Künstliche Intelligenz "[23][24] He advised 30 PhD graduates. Die Künstliche Intelligenz, englisch Artificial Intelligence, setzt sich mit der Automatisierung intelligenten Verhaltens auseinander. Artificial intelligence is part of our modern life by enabling machines to learn useful processes such as speech recognition and digital personal assistants. 1991 wurde ihm die National Medal of Science verliehen. 1963a "A basis for a mathematical theory of computation". Der Begriff künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wurde von John McCarthy, einem amerikanischen Informatiker, 1956 auf der Dartmouth Conference geprägt. Situations, actions, and causal laws. Die Idee der Forscher: "Jeder Aspekt des Lernens und andere Eigenschaften von Intelligenz können im Prinzip so präzise beschrieben werden, dass eine Maschine sie simulieren kann." A pdf version of some questions and answers is also available. Some of his ideas can be found in his sustainability Web page,[22] which is "aimed at showing that human material progress is desirable and sustainable". Der Ursprung der künstlichen Intelligenz. Technical report, Stanford University. Seine Arbeit wurde mit dem berühmten Turing-Preis gekrönt und seine Programmiersprache LISP ist die älteste bis heute verwendete Programmiersprache, die es gibt. Achetez et téléchargez ebook Künstliche Intelligenz (German Edition): Boutique Kindle - Informatique et Internet : Amazon.fr A year later, McCarthy moved to MIT as a research fellow in the autumn of 1956. His colleague Lester Earnest told the Los Angeles Times: "The Internet would not have happened nearly as soon as it did except for the fact that John initiated the development of time-sharing systems. We keep inventing new names for time-sharing. McCarthy, J. Der KI-Winter ist vorbei, der KI-Frühling hat begonnen. We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to the many users who have sent us their remarks and constructive critizisms via our survey during the past weeks. McCarthy was exceptionally intelligent, and graduated from Belmont High School two years early. "Actions and other events in situation calculus". Die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) kann zum Wachstumsmotor für die deutsche Industrie werden: Bis 2030 könnte das Bruttoinlandsprodukt Deutschlands durch den frühen und konsequenten Einsatz von intelligenten Robotern und selbstlernenden Computern um bis zu 4 Prozent oder umgerechnet 160 Mrd. By the end of his years at MIT he was already affectionately referred to as "Uncle John" by his students.[12]. McCarthy invented Lisp in the late 1950s. Er ist der Erfinder der Programmiersprache LISP. Die Disziplin steht im Zusammenhang mit der Aufgabe, Computer zum Verständnis der menschlichen Intelligenz zu nutzen. He helped to motivate the creation of Project MAC at MIT when he worked there, and at Stanford University, he helped establish the Stanford AI Laboratory, for many years a friendly rival to Project MAC. However, since 2000, the idea has resurfaced in new forms (see application service provider, grid computing, and cloud computing). Heute, am Beginn des 21. McCarthy, Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude E. Shannon coined the term "artificial intelligence" in a proposal that they wrote for the famous Dartmouth conference in Summer 1956. McCarthy, J. Jahrhunderts, scheint es, als läge das Zeitalter der KI wahrhaft noch in weiter Ferne. McCarthy showed an early aptitude for mathematics; during his teens he taught himself college mathematics by studying the textbooks used at the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Er ist der Erfinder der Programmiersprache LISP. Für seine bedeutenden Beiträge im Feld der Künstlichen Intelligenz erhielt McCarthy 1971 den Turing Award und 1988 einen Kyoto-Preis. 2002. As a result, he was able to skip the first two years of mathematics at Caltech. Artificial intelligence. [25], His 2001 short story "The Robot and the Baby"[26] farcically explored the question of whether robots should have (or simulate having) emotions, and anticipated aspects of Internet culture and social networking that have become increasingly prominent during ensuing decades. McCarthy saw the importance of mathematics and mathematics education. In Fensel, D.; Giunchiglia, F.; McGuinness, D.; and Williams, M., eds., + = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 02:38. Künstliche Intelligenz wird die Universaltechnologie des 21. Anyone who has a use for it is welcome to link to it or copy it. John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. À la fin des années 1950, après un doctorat en mathématiques, il a créé avec Fernando Corbató la technique du temps partagé, qui permet à plusieurs utilisateurs d'employer simultanément un même ordinateur. Zehn Wissenschaftler aus ganz Amerika kamen … Il reçoit le prix Turing en 1971 pour ses travaux en intelligence artificielle. (1979) Ascribing mental qualities to machines. August 1955 für eine Konferenz im Jahr 1956 in Dartmouth zum ersten Mal verwendete. "Useful counterfactuals". The family was obliged to relocate frequently during the Great Depression, until McCarthy's father found work as an organizer for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers in Los Angeles, California. 1990. [8] default search action. For the next 20 years the field was dominated by these participants John McCarthy, Herbert Simon, Allan Newell, Marvin Minsky, Arthur Samuel, etc. Diese Tagung gilt auch als „Geburtsstunde“ des Fachgebiets Künstliche Intelligenz. Of course, you may keep contacting us to send us your feedback. John McCarthy is one of the "founding fathers" of artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon. Für seine bedeutenden Beiträge im Feld der Künstlichen Intelligenz erhielt McCarthy 1971 den Turing Award und 1988 einen Kyoto-Preis. [17], Around 1959, he invented so-called "garbage collection" methods, a kind of automatic memory management, to solve problems in Lisp.[18][19]. Spencer.[11]. 1991 wurde ihm die National Medal of Science verliehen. [2] He received many accolades and honors, such as the 1971 Turing Award for his contributions to the topic of AI,[3] the United States National Medal of Science, and the Kyoto Prize.