Carrick was historically an integral part of Galloway, and though the earls of Carrick had achieved some feudalisation, the society of Carrick at the end of the thirteenth century remained emphatically Celtic and Gaelic speaking. Robert I, King of Scots (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329) usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; ) was King of the Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale, the first of the Bruce (de Brus) line, arrived in Scotland with David I in 1124 and was given the lands of Annandale in Dumfries and Galloway. There were his brothers, Edward, Alexander, Thomas, and Neil, his sisters Christina, Isabel (Queen of Norway), Margaret, Matilda, and Mary, and his nephews Donald II, Earl of Mar and Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray. In conjunction with the invasion, Bruce popularised an ideological vision of a "Pan-Gaelic Greater Scotia" with his lineage ruling over both Ireland and Scotland. Douglas was killed in an ambush whilst carrying out the decree. Explore Robert the Bruce's biography, personal life, family and cause of death. His ambition was further thwarted by John Comyn, who had been much more resolute in his opposition to the English. I ask that you please come with me and you will be my councillors and close comrades"[31][32]. It has been a favourite name for boys since the Middle-Ages. This means that there are 533 years between them. Scholars of the period might, however, point out that Bruce only slighted Stirling castle to deny it to future English invaders, that he restored the independence of the country by expelling the Occupation government, and that he was a very successful monarch in very difficult circumstances. Bruce resigned as guardian in 1300 due to his quarrels with Comyn, and in 1302 submitted to Edward I and returned ‘to the king’s peace’. In September 1305, Edward ordered Robert Bruce to put his castle at Kildrummy, "in the keeping of such a man as he himself will be willing to answer for," suggesting that King Edward suspected Robert was not entirely trustworthy and may have been plotting behind his back. Robert Bruce's reign also witnessed some diplomatic achievements. In 1124, King David I granted the extensive estates of Annandale to his follower Robert de Brus, to secure the southern Scottish border. Diplomacy[edit] The reign of Robert Bruce also included some significant diplomatic achievements. Origins. Robert had nine siblings, and he and his brother Edward may have been fostered according to Gaelic tradition, spending a substantial part of their youth at the courts of other noblemen (Robert’s foster-brother is referred to by Barbour as sharing Robert’s precarious existence as an outlaw in Carrick in 1307-08). Robert the Bruce died on 7 June 1329, at the Manor of Cardross, near Dumbarton He had suffered for some years from what some contemporary accounts describe as an "unclean ailment"; the traditional view is that he died of leprosy, but this is now disputed[4] with syphilis, psoriasis, motor neurone disease and a series of strokes all proposed as possible alternatives. [21] A further provocation came in a case brought by Macduff, son of Malcolm, Earl of Fife, in which Edward demanded that John appear in person before the English Parliament to answer the charges. [64] The Barons of Exchequer ordered that the vault was to be secured from all further inspection with new stones and iron bars and guarded by the town constables, and that once the walls of the new church were built up around the site, an investigation of the vault and the remains could take place. "BRUCE, family in Scottish history, originally named de Bruce, descended from Robert de Bruce I (d. about 1094). Marjorie Bruce 1297-1316 Married in 1315 to Walter Stewart 1292-1326 with He fought in the Battle of Bannockburn on 24 June 1314 at Bannockburn, Scotland. From 2007 to 2009, he worked for then Senator, later President, Barack Obama as a Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellow and legislative advisor. In June 1306 Bruce was defeated at the Battle of Methven. Bruce was excommunicated for this crime, which eventually led to the excommunication first of the barons who supported him and then the entire country. In 1298 Robert Bruce took over the title of Guardian of Scotland and, having killed his rival John Comyn, claimed the throne as the great-great grandson of David I and in 1306 had himself crowned king at Scone as Robert I. He united the majority of the clans and people of Scotland against the English in late 13th and early 14th centuries and re-established a fully independent Scotland, which had not been seen since before the reign of Malcolm III (r.1058-1093). Directed by Luc Besson. J Bruce Ismay spent much of the rest of his life living out of the public eye in Costello in the west of Ireland before returning to London where he died in 1937. He was an active Guardian and made renewed efforts to have King John returned to the Scottish throne. Terms of submission were negotiated by John Comyn. Robert Bruce had a large family in addition to his wife Elizabeth and his children. With his first wife, Isabella of Mar, Robert the Bruce had a daughter named Marjory. He was crowned King of Scots as Robert I at Scone, near Perth on 25 March, by Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, (alleged by the English to be his mistress) who claimed the right of her family, the Macduff Earl of Fife, to place the Scottish king on his throne. In April, Bruce won a small victory over the English at the Battle of Glen Trool, before defeating Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke at the Battle of Loudoun Hill. It depicts stained glass images of the Bruce flanked by his chief men, Christ, and saints associated with Scotland. Robert Bruce kills Sir Henry de Bohun in single combat at Bannockburn. Acknowledged illegitimate children by unknown mothers Name Birth Death Notes Sir Robert Bruce 1332 Killed at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. The first was his marriage alliance from 1302 with the de Burgh family of the Earldom of Ulster in Ireland; second, Bruce himself on his mother's side of Carrick, was descended from Gaelic royalty - in Scotland. [31] The future king was now twenty-two, and in joining the rebels he seems to have been acting independently of his father, who took no part in the rebellion and appears to have abandoned Annandale once more for the safety of Carlisle. On February 10, 1306 a meeting was arranged between Robert the Bruce and John Comyn at the church of the Greyfriars at Dumfries, Scotland. 1. Though he captured the castles of Bothwell and Turnberry, he did little to damage the Scots' fighting ability, and in January 1302 he agreed to a nine-month truce. In March 1302 Bruce sent a letter to the monks at Melrose Abbey apologising for having called tenants of the monks to service in his army when there had been no national call-up. No known copyright issues. In February 1306 following an argument during their meeting at Greyfriars monastery, Dumfries, Bruce killed Comyn. William Wallace was not Braveheart. Robert The Bruce family: David I of Scotland (king) (fourth great grand-father) Short Biography. Robert I Bruce, King of Scotland succeeded to the title of 4th Earl of Carrick [S., c. 1186] on 27 October 1292. The following year, Bruce finally resigned as joint Guardian and was replaced by Sir Gilbert, 1st Lord de Umfraville (d. before 13 October 1307), Earl of Angus (in right of his mother, Maud, Countess of Angus). A few of the surviving companions of Douglas found both his body and the casket on the battlefield and took care that they were sent back home. [1][7][8][9][10] Very little is known of his youth. The great banner of the kings of Scotland was planted behind his throne.[40]. For this reason King Edward of England wrote to the Pope and asked for his excommunication of Robert Bruce. It depicts stained glass images of the Bruce flanked by his chief men, Christ, and saints associated with Scotland.[76]. In July 1301 King Edward I launched his sixth campaign into Scotland. Bruce defeated the Comyns and his other Scots enemies, destroying their strongholds and devastating their lands from Buchan to Galloway. [12][13] The family would have moved between the castles of their lordships — Lochmaben Castle, the main castle of the lordship of Annandale, and Turnberry and Loch Doon Castle, the castles of the earldom of Carrick. The entire account may in fact be a version of a literary trope used in royal biographical writing. A similar story is told, for example, in Jewish sources about King David, and in Persian folklore about the Mongolian warlord Tamerlane and an ant.[85]. In 1302, he submitted to Edward I and returned to "the king’s peace". His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart is buried in Melrose Abbey. When these stones were removed, the vault was found to be seven feet (214 cm) in length, 56 cm wide and 45 cm deep. The Bruce Surname Y-DNA Project. People Projects Discussions Surnames The family is descended from Robert de Bruce (d. [49][52] Robert's final wish reflected conventional piety, and was perhaps intended to perpetuate his memory. He was buried at Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland.3. [52] The king’s last journey appears to have been a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Ninian at Whithorn; this was possibly in search of a miraculous cure, or to make his peace with God. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Robert de Brus had already resigned the Earldom of Carrick to Robert Bruce, his son, on the day of his wife's death in 1292, thus making Robert Bruce the Earl of Carrick. [75], Ancestry[edit] [show]Ancestors of Robert the Bruce Monuments and commemoration[edit] Depictions in art[edit]. He saw the outcome of the 'Great Cause' in 1292, which gave the Crown of Scotland to his distant relative, John Balliol, as unjust. In 1993 Jason Scott Lee (no relation) appeared in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story. Attore Cinema. He claimed the Scottish throne as a fourth great-grandson of David I of Scotland. When the English king Edward I decided in favour of John de Balliol, Robert de Bruce resigned Annandale to his son, the seventh Robert (1253–1304), who was already (by marriage) Earl of Carrick. His tomb, imported from Paris, was extremely elaborate, carved from gilded alabaster. The second Robert later grew estranged from David and renounced his Scottish fief of Annandale, which, however, was restored to his son, the third Robert (fl. [66], The skeleton, lying on the wooden coffin board, was then placed upon the top of a lead coffin and the large crowd of curious people who had assembled outside the church were allowed to file past the vault to view the king’s remains. Robert! Bruce also made raids into northern England and, landing at Ramsey in the Isle of Man, then laid siege to Castle Rushen in Castletown, capturing it on 21 June 1313 and denying the island's strategic importance to the English. They made their way quickly for Scotland. The first was his marriage alliance from 1302 with the de Burgh family of the Earldom of Ulster in Ireland; second, Bruce himself, on his mother's side of Carrick, was descended from Gaelic royalty in Scotland as well as Ireland. [49] However, the ignorant use of the term 'leprosy' by fourteenth-century writers meant that almost any major skin disease might be called leprosy. The Declaration of Arbroath of 1320 strengthened his position, particularly vis-à-vis the Papacy, and Pope John XXII eventually lifted Bruce's excommunication. [21] This the Scottish king did, but the final straw was Edward's demand that the Scottish magnates provide military service in England's war against France. Robert I. war ein bedeutender und als Nationalheld verehrter schottischer König (1306–1329), der durch seinen Sieg gegen das wesentlich größere Heer des englischen Königs Eduard II. Held des schottischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges Robert the Bruce wurde wahrscheinlich in Turnberry Castle in Ayrshire als Sohn von Robert de Brus, dem 6. The pact is often interpreted[by whom?] Bliv medlem af Facebook, og få kontakt med Robert Bruc og andre, du måske kender. From his mother, he inherited the Gaelic Earldom of Carrick, and through his father a royal lineage that would give him a claim to the Scottish throne. [68], A number of reconstructions of the face of Robert the Bruce have been produced, including those by Richard Neave from the University of Manchester [70] and Peter Vanezis from the University of Glasgow. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bruce-family, Mississippi State University - Bruce Family History. In 1309 he was able to hold his first parliament at St Andrews, and a series of military victories between 1310 and 1314 won him control of much of Scotland. He was the father of two sons and three daughters. This is revealed by a letter he sent to the Irish chiefs, where he calls the Scots and Irish collectively nostra nacio (our nation), stressing the common language, customs and heritage of the two peoples: " Whereas we and you and our people and your people, free since ancient times, share the same national ancestry and are urged to come together more eagerly and joyfully in friendship by a common language and by common custom, we have sent you our beloved kinsman, the bearers of this letter, to negotiate with you in our name about permanently strengthening and maintaining inviolate the special friendship between us and you, so that with God's will our nation (nostra nacio) may be able to recover her ancient liberty". He was one of the Scottish nobles who in 1320 signed the Declaration of Arbroath, which proclaimed to the Pope Scottish Independence from England. Robert the Bruce (1274-1329). Robert and John Comyn succeeded William Wallace as Guardian of Scotland within the year. Edward I marched north again in the spring. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. King Robert I is buried in Dunfermline Abbey Robert I had been suffering from a serious illness from at least 1327. The writer of this letter reported that Robert I was so feeble and struck down by illness that he would not live, 'for he can scarcely move anything but his tongue'. [14] As heir, Robert would have been schooled by tutors in all the requirements of courtly etiquette, and he would have waited as a page at his father’s and grandfather’s tables. [69] Robert the Bruce’s remains were ceremonially re-interred in the vault in Dunfermline Abbey on 5 November 1819. His ambition was further thwarted by the person of John Comyn. Statues of the Bruce also stand on the battleground at Bannockburn, outside Stirling Castle and Marischal College in Aberdeen. The Declaration of Arbroath of 1320 strengthened his position, particularly vis-à-vis the Papacy. Bruce family, also spelled Bruis, Brix, or Broase, an old Scottish family of Norman French descent, to which two kings of Scotland belonged. The name is specially favoured by the Scots due to the 14th-century king Robert the Bruce and the poet Robert Burns, both national icons. Robert I established Scottish independence from England and is revered as one of Scotland’s great national heroes. When his father died in 1304, Bruce inherited his family’s claim to the throne. Although his paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage (originating in Brieux, Normandy)[1], his maternal ancestors were Scottish-Gaels. His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey. It was destroyed at the Reformation, but some fragments were discovered in the 19th century (now in the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh). Bruce Lee's movies, though few in number, created a new art form. [54] He died utterly fulfilled, in that the goal of his lifetime's struggle – untrammelled recognition of the Bruce right to the crown – had been realised, and confident that he was leaving the kingdom of Scotland safely in the hands of his most trusted lieutenant, Moray, until his infant son reached adulthood. Known in modern English as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys) was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. However, an identical phrase appears in an agreement between Edward and his lieutenant and lifelong friend, Aymer de Valence.