("Mir wäre lieber gewesen, ihr hättet 200 Juden erschlagen und hättet nicht solche Werte vernichtet!"). Der 9./10. Er markiert den Beginn der ersten deutschen Republik, den Pogrom gegen die jüdische Bevölkerung und den Fall der Berliner Mauer. Rolf Dessauers recalls how a neighbor came forward and restored a portrait of Paul Ehrlich that had been "slashed to ribbons" by the Sturmabteilung. [69] Nevertheless, individuals continued to show courage, for example, a parson paid the medical bills of a Jewish cancer patient and was sentenced to a large fine and several months in prison in 1941, Reformed Church pastor Paul Schneider placed a Nazi sympathizer under church discipline and he was subsequently sent to Buchenwald where he was murdered. In the United States, for instance, it was this specific incident that came to symbolize Nazism and was the reason the Nazis became associated with evil. Mit dem Angriff auf Polen beginnt der Zweite Weltkrieg. Diese Themenseite beleuchtet verschiedene Facetten der Deutschen Einheit: Wie hat sich das wiedervereinigte Deutschland entwickelt und was denken die Deutschen darüber? Nov. 9, 2013— -- In the days surrounding Nov. 9, 1938, the Nazis committed the worst pogrom Germany had seen since the Middle Ages. This stalemate continued for days in the pouring rain, with the Jews marching without food or shelter between the borders. Jedes Jahr fallen an diesem Tag Feier- und Gedenkstunde zusammen. [89], Pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, "Windows of shops owned by Jews which were broken during a coordinated anti-Jewish demonstration in Berlin, known as. [69] The Catholic leadership however, just as the various Protestant churches, refrained from responding with organised action. [56], In an article released for publication on the evening of 11 November, Goebbels ascribed the events of Kristallnacht to the "healthy instincts" of the German people. As the Jews were taken away, their remaining possessions were seized as loot both by Nazi authorities and by neighbors. Gerettete Geschichten: Elf jüdische Familien im 20. I must protest so that the whole world hears my protest, and that I will do." [63] The press was also under orders to downplay the Kristallnacht, describing general events at the local level only, with prohibition against depictions of individual events. Be forewarned , folks: Once a group in any society has been singled out for ridicule and persecution, then they can be systematically attacked, physically. It is widely assumed that the assassination was politically motivated, but historian Hans-Jürgen Döscher says the shooting may have been the result of a homosexual love affair gone wrong. November 1938 in Deutschland hunderte Synagogen in Flammen auf, Mitglieder der SA und SS zerstörten tausende jüdische Geschäfte, Häuser und Wohnungen. Dokumentation Zur Kristallnacht Paperback – January 1, 1978 by Wolfgang Freimark, Peter. It was premiered at the 1988 Berlin Jazz Festival and received rave reviews. [citation needed] This included German-born Jews of foreign citizenship. Über 60 Millionen Menschen waren tot. "[28] He received the postcard on 3 November 1938. November" in Schulen. [68], There are many indications of Protestant and Catholic disapproval of racial persecution; for example, anti-Nazi Protestants adopted the Barmen Declaration in 1934, and the Catholic church had already distributed pastoral letters critical of Nazi racial ideology, and the Nazi regime expected to encounter organised resistance from it following Kristallnacht. [62], As it was aware that the German public did not support the Kristallnacht, the propaganda ministry directed the German press to portray opponents of racial persecution as disloyal. [80], Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1993 album Kristallnacht by the composer John Zorn. 8.11.1938, Dienstag. Aufl. This, however, was only one aspect of the origin of the November 1938 pogrom. Demokratie stärken - Zivilgesellschaft fördern, Wir setzen auf dieser Website Cookies ein. While the Nazi party was interested in improving its financial strength on the regional and local level by taking over Jewish property, Hermann Göring, in charge of the Four-Year Plan, hoped to acquire access to foreign currency in order to pay for the import of urgently-needed raw material. Aron Zack. Aron was a trader. After Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime made Jewish survival in Germany impossible. They were ordered to leave their homes in a single night and were allowed only one suitcase per person to carry their belongings. "[70] Diarmaid MacCulloch argued that Luther's 1543 pamphlet, On the Jews and Their Lies was a "blueprint" for the Kristallnacht. Kristallnacht, the night of November 9–10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. Goebbels had recently suffered humiliation for the ineffectiveness of his propaganda campaign during the Sudeten crisis, and was in some disgrace over an affair with a Czech actress, Lída Baarová. November 9, 1938 Joseph Goebbels demands radical action German propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels delivers a passionate antisemitic speech to the Naz Party faithful in Munich. [22] Mommsen stated: The need for money by the party organization stemmed from the fact that Franz Xaver Schwarz, the party treasurer, kept the local and regional organizations of the party short of money. According to Volker Ullrich, "...a line had been crossed: Germany had left the community of civilised nations. November 1938 wurden auf Geheiß der nationalsozialistischen Führungsriege in ganz Deutschland Läden und Wohnungen jüdischer Mitbürger geplündert und zerstört, Synagogen in Brand gesetzt und Juden ermordet. "I'm Revier 16 (In precinct No. Wednesday November 9, 1938. Als er 1945 endete, lag Europa in Trümmern. "He wanted it to be known that not all Germans supported Kristallnacht. "The sovereigns", Kibbutz Kfar Blum (Palestine), 1945, p. 171 cited in Gilbert, op.cit., p 67. [58] Goebbels met the foreign press in the afternoon of 11 November and said that the burning of synagogues and damage to Jewish owned property had been "spontaneous manifestations of indignation against the murder of Herr Vom Rath by the young Jew Grynsban [sic]". [54] By the time the conference took place, more than 250,000 Jews had fled Germany and Austria, which had been annexed by Germany in March 1938; more than 300,000 German and Austrian Jews continued to seek refuge and asylum from oppression. Insbesondere das Vorgehen gegen die Juden radikalisiert sich und findet einen vorläufigen Gipfelpunkt im Pogrom des 9. Die inszenierte Empörung – Der 9. November 1938: Reichspogromnacht. 9. November 1938 | ZbE", "The deportation of Regensburg Jews to Dachau concentration camp", "JudenVermoegersabgabe" (The Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies), "Kristallnacht remnants unearthed near Berlin", "NEW CAMPAIGN AGAINST JEWS NAZI OUTBREAKS", http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2013/11/8/1383904706426/goebbels-001.jpg, Reformation: Europe's House Divided, 1490-1700, "Telegram protesting against the persecution of Jews in Germany", "Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a '6-Pack of Rolexes, "Tom Perkins: Billionaire venture capitalist ridiculed after writing letter comparing the treatment of rich Americans to the Holocaust", "Tom Perkins Responds To Nazi Germany And 1 Percent Criticism, Says Kristallnacht Was 'Terrible Word To Have Chosen, "St. Louis Jewish cemetery rededicated after gravestones toppled by vandals - Diaspora - Jerusalem Post", "Holocaust Memorial in Boston damaged for second time this summer - The Boston Globe", "Finance minister slams Judenboykott, Kristallnacht re-enaction against Muslims in Sri Lanka", "Interview with Miriam Ron, Witness to the Events of Kristallnacht", "The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers – Kristallnacht", "Kristallnacht: A Nationwide Pogrom, November 9–10, 1938", "Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms", National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist German Doctors' League, National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), German National Movement in Liechtenstein, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, Bund: Gemeinschaft für ein sozialistisches Leben, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920), Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting, Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristallnacht&oldid=992343055, Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany, Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Europe, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 19:39. November. [69] While individual Catholics and Protestants took action, the churches as a whole chose silence publicly. [16] Beginning in 1933, the German government enacted a series of anti-Jewish laws restricting the rights of German Jews to earn a living, to enjoy full citizenship and to gain education, including the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 7 April 1933, which forbade Jews to work in the civil service. [76] An account cited that Hitler's green light for Kristallnacht was made with the belief that it would help him realize his ambition of getting rid of the Jews in Germany. Über 1000 Synagogen, 8000 Geschäfte und zahlreiche Wohnungen von Jüdinnen und Juden wurden geplündert, zerstört, in Brand gesteckt. Georg Landauer to Martin Rosenbluth, 8 February 1938, cited in Friedländer, loc. Scheer, Regina (1993). Der Tag ging als "Reichspogromnacht" in die Geschichtsbücher ein. Poland stated that it would renounce citizenship rights of Polish Jews living abroad for at least five years after the end of October, effectively making them stateless. [45] Historian Gerhard Weinberg is quoted as saying: Houses of worship burned down, vandalized, in every community in the country where people either participate or watch. They were forced to pay Judenvermögensabgabe, a collective fine of one billion marks for the murder of vom Rath (equal to roughly $US 5.5 billion in today's currency), which was levied by the compulsory acquisition of 20% of all Jewish property by the state. On 9 November 1938 more than 1,000 synagogues were attacked in Germany and Austria. In this view, it is described not only as a pogrom but also a critical stage within a process where each step becomes the seed of the next. [5] The Times of London observed on 11 November 1938: "No foreign propagandist bent upon blackening Germany before the world could outdo the tale of burnings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults on defenceless and innocent people, which disgraced that country yesterday. Nazi propaganda alienated 500,000 Jews in Germany, who accounted for only 0.86% of the overall population, and framed them as an enemy responsible for Germany's defeat in the First World War and for its subsequent economic disasters, such as the 1920s hyperinflation and Wall Street Crash Great Depression. [76] In the words of historian Max Rein in 1988, "Kristallnacht came...and everything was changed. ("Jews out, out to Palestine!"). Aber auch der Widerstand gegen … "[19] The international Évian Conference on 6 July 1938 addressed the issue of Jewish and Gypsy immigration to other countries. Germany's chancellor has described the pogroms of November 9, 1938 — better known as Kristallnacht — as a shameful part of German history. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. Crystal Night, Night of the Broken Glass, Kristellnacht, Kristalnacht. [51], The reaction of non-Jewish Germans to Kristallnacht was varied. Tag des Jahres (KW 45). [65], In view of this being a totalitarian state a surprising characteristic of the situation here is the intensity and scope among German citizens of condemnation of the recent happenings against Jews. Four thousand were granted entry into Poland, but the remaining 8,000 were forced to stay at the border. November 1989, Nationalsozialismus und Zweiter Weltkrieg. "[55] The German band BAP published a song titled "Kristallnaach" in their Cologne dialect, dealing with the emotions engendered by the Kristallnacht. November 1938 stürmten Schlägertrupps der Nazis Orte jüdischen Lebens in ganz Deutschland. Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. Das Datum 9. [38][6] Jewish homes were ransacked all throughout Germany. November 9-10, 1938, Jews under arrest paraded at Oldenburg, Germany, during Kristallnacht [69], Martin Sasse, Nazi Party member and bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia, leading member of the Nazi German Christians, one of the schismatic factions of German Protestantism, published a compendium of Martin Luther's writings shortly after the Kristallnacht; Sasse "applauded the burning of the synagogues" and the coincidence of the day, writing in the introduction, "On 10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany." They served in the German army and navy and contributed to every field of German business, science and culture. [73], After the Kristallnacht, Salvador Allende, Gabriel González Videla, Marmaduke Grove, Florencio Durán and other members of the Congress of Chile sent a telegram to Adolf Hitler denouncing the persecution of Jews. Der 9./10. The Nazis had been celebrating that day, as every year, the anniversary of Hitler’s 1923 putsch. Jüdische Geschäfte und Synagogen werden durch Nationalsozialisten und ihre Anhänger zerstört. [61] During the events of Kristallnacht, several Gauleiter and deputy Gauleiters had refused orders to enact the Kristallnacht, and many leaders of the SA and of the Hitler Youth also openly refused party orders, while expressing disgust. Herder, Freiburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-451 … The "Night of Broken Glass" On the night of November 9, 1938, violence against Jews broke out across the Reich. [64] In 1939 this was extended to a prohibition on reporting any anti-Jewish measures. By 1938, Germany "had entered a new radical phase in anti-Semitic activity". Walter Buch to Goring, 13.2.1939, Michaelis and Schraepler, Ursachen, Vol.12, p. 582 as cited in Friedländer, p. 271. Die vorliegenden Materialien sollen dazu dienen, einen Projekttag zum 9. It is believed the goods were brought by rail to the outskirts of the village and dumped on designated land. "Crystal Night" is the name that's been given to the night of 9-10 November 1938. Deren Schreckensherrschaft manifestierte sich unter anderem im 9. James Wesley Rawles November 9, 2020 November 9, 2020 November 9th (1938) was “ Kristallnacht ”, in Nazi Germany. It has no desire to have its rights restricted or to be provoked in the future by parasites of the Jewish race. The loss of prestige as a result of this abortive operation called for some sort of compensation. 1939 "Ninotchka" with Greta Garbo premieres. On the night of 9 November 1938, the Nazi government coordinated a wave of attacks in Germany and Austria, on synagogues, Jewish-owned businesses and homes.. Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been murdered. Das Aufgaben- und Medienpaket zur Reichspogromnacht enthält Filme, Audiodateien, Originaldokumente und geschichtswissenschaftliche Texte, außerdem zu jeder Quelle Arbeitsaufträge. The son of a US consular official heard the janitor of his block cry: "They must have emptied the insane asylums and penitentiaries to find people who'd do things like that!"[44]. Police were instructed not to interfere with the riots unless the guidelines were violated. Police were also instructed to seize Jewish archives from synagogues and community offices, and to arrest and detain "healthy male Jews, who are not too old", for eventual transfer to (labor) concentration camps. [47] Göring met with other members of the Nazi leadership on 12 November to plan the next steps after the riot, setting the stage for formal government action. At the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961, Sendel Grynszpan recounted the events of their deportation from Hanover on the night of 27 October 1938: "Then they took us in police trucks, in prisoners' lorries, about 20 men in each truck, and they took us to the railway station. zu können sowie zu Statistik-und Analysezwecken (Web-Tracking). [36], Müller, in a message to SA and SS commanders, stated the "most extreme measures" were to be taken against Jewish people. Wie konnte es soweit kommen? In October 2008, this dumpsite was discovered by Yaron Svoray, an investigative journalist. On 6 December 1938, William Cooper, an Aboriginal Australian, led a delegation of the Australian Aboriginal League on a march through Melbourne to the German Consulate to deliver a petition which condemned the "cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany". In one single night 92 Jews were murdered and 25,000–30,000 were arrested and deported to concentration camps. [6] Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed,[7][8] and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. Eines jährt sich 2018 zum 80. On Nov. 9, 1938, Nazis in Germany and Austria unleashed pogroms that killed dozens and wounded thousands following the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jewish gunman. Tombstones were uprooted and graves violated. November 2019, einundachtzig Jahre nach der Reichspogromnacht, in der in Deutschland Juden misshandelt, Synagogen niedergebrannt, Toras geschändet und jüdische Geschäfte zerstört wurden, fand in Deutschland eine Feier zum dreißigsten Jahrestag des Mauerfalls statt, bei der die deutsche Regie dachte, dass es endlich mal wieder Zeit wird, Juden zu kritisieren. Graml, Anti-Semitism, p. 13 cited in Friedländer, op.cit., p 272. [42] [20] Some historians believe that the Nazi government had been contemplating a planned outbreak of violence against the Jews and were waiting for an appropriate provocation; there is evidence of this planning dating back to 1937. Testen Sie Ihr Wissen und ordnen Sie andere Ereignisse diesen Jahren zu! [52], The British historian Martin Gilbert believes that "many non-Jews resented the round-up",[53] his opinion being supported by German witness Dr. Arthur Flehinger who recalls seeing "people crying while watching from behind their curtains". 16)". The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler. "[72] It discredited pro-Nazi movements in Europe and North America, leading to an eventual decline in their support. Many Jews were arrested, some were beaten, and some were even killed. Die Nationalsozialisten verlieren eine Wahl und lösen den Reichstag auf. Mit vielen Filmen, Bildern und Dokumenten. Mit dem deutschen Überfall auf Polen begann am 1. Did gay affair provide a catalyst for Kristallnacht? 1918, 1938, 1989: Der 9. [29] Grynszpan made no attempt to escape the French police and freely confessed to the shooting. Leo Trepp wurde 1913 geboren und war 1938 Landesrabbiner in Oldenburg. Be forewarned , folks: Once a group in any society has been singled out for ridicule and persecution, then they can be systematically attacked, physically. We have not come together merely to talk again, but to make decisions, and I implore competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy, and to submit them to me. This included guidelines for the protection of foreigners and non-Jewish businesses and property. ), pp. Die Unterrichtsmaterialien sind auf die Durchführung eines Projekttags ausgerichtet und enthalten sowohl didaktische und methodische Hinweise für Lehrkräfte als auch Quellen, Fotos und Arbeitsblätter für die Schülerinnen und Schüler. Aron and Minna Zack's Passport. In der Nacht zum 9. Of the interviewed party-members 63% expressed extreme indignation against it, while only 5% expressed approval of racial persecution, the rest being noncommittal. [82], In 2014, the Wall Street Journal published a letter from billionaire Thomas Perkins[83] that compared the "progressive war on the American one percent" of wealthiest Americans and the Occupy movement's "demonization of the rich" to the Kristallnacht and anti-semitism in Nazi Germany. The Kristallnacht Pogrom, 9-10 November 1938. . Die "Reichspogromnacht" … [31] One of the first legal measures issued was an order by Heinrich Himmler, commander of all German police, forbidding Jews to possess any weapons whatsoever and imposing a penalty of twenty years' confinement in a concentration camp upon every Jew found in possession of a weapon hereafter. . Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996. [34], Some leading party officials disagreed with Goebbels' actions, fearing the diplomatic crisis it would provoke. Personen mit dem Geburtsdatum 09.11.1938 wurden in diesem Jahr 82 Jahre alt. Tucson News TV channel briefly reported on a 2008 remembrance meeting at a local Jewish congregation. Und wie sollte es weitergehen mit einem Land, das den größten Zivilisationsbruch der Geschichte begangen hatte? [69] A Protestant parson spoke out in 1943 and was sent to Dachau concentration camp where he died after a few days. He went on to explain: "The German people are anti-Semitic. Jahrzehnte später Reichspogromnacht genannt – waren vom nationalsozialistischen Regime organisierte und gelenkte Gewaltmaßnahmen gegen Juden in Deutschland und Österreich. [43], Many Berliners were however deeply ashamed of the pogrom, and some took great personal risks to offer help. More than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps; primarily Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen.[40]. November 1938. About 30,000 Jews were moved to concentration camps, and over 1,500 synagogues were pillaged and partly destroyed. Wolfgang Brenner: Das deutsche Datum. To mark … Diese dienen dazu, Ihnen Servicefunktionen anbieten [22], The Zionist leadership in the British Mandate of Palestine wrote in February 1938 that according to "a very reliable private source—one which can be traced back to the highest echelons of the SS leadership", there was "an intention to carry out a genuine and dramatic pogrom in Germany on a large scale in the near future".[23]. [14][15] From its inception, Hitler's régime moved quickly to introduce anti-Jewish policies. 9 November 1938: Reichspogromnacht – in Deutschland brennen die Synagogen 15 Jahre nach dem gescheiterten Hitler-Ludendorf Putsch in München gingen in der Nacht vom 9. auf den 10. November 1938 . The letter was widely criticized and condemned in The Atlantic,[84] The Independent,[85] among bloggers, Twitter users, and "his own colleagues in Silicon Valley". [49], The number of emigrating Jews surged, as those who were able to left the country. Nazi thugs torched synagogues, smashed Jewish-owned shops and rounded up Jewish men across Germany on November 9, 1938, in what became known as "Kristallnacht" or the "Night of Broken Glass". On November 9, 1938, in an event that would foreshadow the Holocaust, German Nazis launch a campaign of terror against Jewish people and their homes and … In Berlin, police Lieutenant Otto Bellgardt barred SA troopers from setting the New Synagogue on fire, earning his superior officer a verbal reprimand from the commissioner. Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World, Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, More than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested, murderous pogroms incited by Imperial Russia. Gemeinsam gedenken wir der all jener Menschen, die vor 82 Jahren in der Pogromnacht beraubt, gequält und erniedrigt wurden. At a conference on the day after the pogrom, Hermann Göring said: "The Jewish problem will reach its solution if, in anytime soon, we will be drawn into war beyond our border—then it is obvious that we will have to manage a final account with the Jews. 7 November — Ernst vom Rath, the Third Secretary at the German Embassy in Paris, is assassinated by Herschel Grynszpan. Europe - Inventor's Day - in honor of Hedy Lamarr's birthday Kristallnacht (German pronunciation: [kʁɪsˈtalnaχt] (listen)) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November Pogrom(s) (German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced [noˈvɛm.bɐ.poˌɡʁoːmə] (listen)),[1][2] was a pogrom against Jews carried out by SA paramilitary forces and civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938. In der Reichspogromnacht brennen jüdische Geschäfte und Synagogen. It Came From Within. Texte beleuchten u.a. Der neunte November. November 1938, als in Deutschland die Synagogen brannten. Märzrevolution 1848, Novemberrevolution 1918, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch 1923, Novemberpogrom 1938, Fall der Berliner Mauer 1989 – aber was ist noch in diesen fünf Jahren passiert? Am 9. [5] Rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland. "[33] The chief party judge Walter Buch later stated that the message was clear; with these words, Goebbels had commanded the party leaders to organize a pogrom. die Situation im Nachkriegseuropa sowie nach 1990. Geschichte und Geschichten Feiner Lebenswelt in der Mitte Berlins (Gesellschaft Hackesche Höfe e.V. November (Deutschland) Zur Navigation springen Zur Suche springen. November 1938 in Deutschland by Peter Freimark, 1988, Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung, Institut für die Geschichte der Deutschen Juden edition, in German / Deutsch - 5., durchgesehene und erw. Racial hatred and hysteria seemed to have taken complete hold of otherwise decent people. Im August 1919 tritt die Weimarer Verfassung in Kraft. Goebbels needed a chance to improve his standing in the eyes of Hitler. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. Das Kalenderblatt zum 9.November 1938: Der 9. im November des Jahres 1938 fiel auf den Wochentag Mittwoch und war der 313. [71], Kristallnacht sparked international outrage. November 1938 auch zynisch (Reichs-)Kristallnacht bzw. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images At 1:20 am on 10 November 1938, Reinhard Heydrich sent an urgent secret telegram to the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and the Sturmabteilung (SA), containing instructions regarding the riots. Fotowettbewerb #jüdischerAlltag. dankte ab, in den Wirren der darauffolgenden Revolution wird die Republik ausgerufen. Nazi thugs torched synagogues, smashed Jewish-owned shops and rounded up Jewish men across Germany on November 9, 1938, in what became known as "Kristallnacht" or the "Night of Broken Glass". November gilt als "Schicksalstag" in der deutschen Geschichte. November 1938 wurden auf Geheiß der nationalsozialistischen Führungsriege in ganz Deutschland Läden und Wohnungen jüdischer Bürger geplündert und zerstört, Synagogen in Brand gesetzt und Juden ermordet. Das war das Jahr 1938. Oktober 1990 trat die DDR der Bundesrepublik bei, Deutschland war wiedervereinigt. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels delivered the speech, in his place, and said that "the Führer has decided that... demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered. In the fall of 1938, the increased pressure on Jewish property nourished the party's ambition, especially since Hjalmar Schacht had been ousted as Reich minister for economics. [6] Over 1400 synagogues and prayer rooms,[39] many Jewish cemeteries, more than 7,000 Jewish shops, and 29 department stores were damaged, and in many cases destroyed. 8. As such, Kristallnacht also marked a turning point in relations between Nazi Germany and the rest of the world. [60] A study conducted in 1933 had then shown that 33% of Nazi Party members held no racial prejudice while 13% supported persecution. Schicksalsdatum 9. [12] Herschel received a postcard from his family from the Polish border, describing the family's expulsion: "No one told us what was up, but we realized this was going to be the end ... We haven't a penny. Wie gut kennen Sie sich in der Zeitgeschichte aus? Also see November 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Cambodia - Independence Day (1953) Pakistan - Allama Iqbal Day (1877) Germany - November 9th is often called Germany's Schicksalstag (day of fate) due to the events of 1848, 1918, 1923, 1938, and 1989. 9. November 1938 zu ermöglichen. [88] The Sri Lankan Finance Minister Mangala Samaraweera also used the term to describe the violence in 2019 against Muslims by Sinhalese nationalists. Im kommenden Jahr fällt das Datum auf einen Dienstag. After this, the Jewish community was fined 1 billion Reichsmarks (equivalent to 4 billion 2009 € or 7 billion in 2020 USD). That night an old friend… NS-Deutschland: Reichspogromnacht am 9. November): Nach einem Mordanschlag auf einen deutschen Diplomaten in Paris inszenieren die Nationalsozialisten die Novemberpogrome (bis in die Gegenwart ist die Nacht vom 9. auf den 10. November 1938 – Scheitelpunkt der Novemberpogrome (7. bis 13. Am 3. November 1938 benutzten hingegen ganz bewusst die Symbolkraft des Tages der Novemberrevolution, um für ein Deutschland zu mobilisieren, das den 9. As in the photo below in Baden … There are six notable events in German history that are connected to 9 November: the execution of Robert Blum in 1848, the end of the monarchies in 1918, the naming of Albert Einstein as the winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics, Hitler putsch attempt in 1923, the Nazi antisemitic pogroms in 1938 and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.