07:22:41 Lanzmann continues from the last Camera Roll, asking about how the Poles saw the Jews and why there was a lack of a response from the Polish community. Vaad Hatzala later worked on rescuing all Jews, not just the orthodox. Pehle says had just been to McGill University to speak on the the Holocaust and realized that a lot of people feel that much more could have been done and believe that the bombing should have taken place. Abba Kovner lived in disguise in a convent at the beginning of the German occupation in 1941. Borowi makes the throat-slitting sign in "Shoah." Train goes the opposite way. FILM ID 3153 -- Camera Roll #16 -- 06:00:00 to 06:11:27:30 In fixing the problem, he further alienated Eppstein and others, but he did manage to ensure that the older people were deloused and cared for. 13:15 "Bobine 49, Lubchansky Terezin." The picture goes in and out. CU of Hilberg as he says that this was the real disaster, because this way they managed to retain the trust and allegiance of the Jewish people. FILM ID 3243 -- Camera Rolls #23,26,27 -- 08:00:13 to 08:32:16 Lanzmann points out that Germany was at war with America and Russia, not the Jews, and Kretschmer answers that the American government was full of Jews, just like it is today. She talks about the small school and says there was only one store. After Katyn became known, in order to destroy the evidence the corpses were dug up and burned in pits with grills made from railroad iron. The third day of work, Podchlebnik saw his wife and children. When they finished building the bunkers, the Obersturmführer told the prisoners they would be disposing of the murdered bodies. Lanzmann asks Glazar to expand on the concept of the Hofjuden (court Jews) and Glazar says it is a concept from the Middle Ages and that the Hofjuden cleaned boots, SS quarters, etc. Smolar describes the primary means of murder of the German Jews by gas vans, in contrast to the Eastern Jews who were shot and burned. His entire family was still there. FILM ID 4661 -- White 55 TR 185-188.198. Broad compares this disbelief to the behavior of the Hungarian prisoners at Auschwitz, explaining that their disbelief at their situation caused them not to react violently when let to the gas chambers. He refused the money but told the story anyhow, which gave him credibility. FILM ID 3877 -- Camera Rolls 25-27 Reams interview Peche — 01:00:00 to 01:23:16 He says that the Jews were not trustworthy. 03:39 CR43 matches to Film ID 3777 Before he tells the story, Vrba explains something of the system by which prisoners were accounted for. 00:04:15 CR 40 Armando Aaron, President of the Jewish community in Corfu, talks with Claude Lanzmann. At a family reunion in 1969, Faivel and his family found a photograph of Artur's daughter and wife after they had been murdered, possibly in Treblinka. Lanzmann comments that Sobibor was very small. (19:11) Women waving goodbye from a ship. She also worked in the office in an administrative capacity. Driving tour of the city. Lanzmann asks her who organized the black market. Repeat, train coming down track, stopping next to the Treblinka station sign, with Gawkowski leaning out the side of the engine. (02:55) MSs of Duisburg, streets and sidewalks deserted. KeñN: A.oo513” Camera pans out showing a pile of suitcases. (13.52) A child is walking down the sidewalk, bundled up in winter clothes. Lanzmann and his assistant Corinna Coulmas talk about how the camera was out of action. She took Joel's place as a representative to the Germans, although certain committee members disapproved of a woman in this position. Eventually Tamir became more aggressive in his demands for information and Weissmandel began to open up, although he refused outright to go to Jerusalem. He returns to the story of the family camp, saying that another transport arrived on December 20th and received the same treatment as the earlier one. Dugin discovered his family in the most recent grave, near the end of his time working in the Ponari forest. FILM ID 3758 -- Camera Rolls 13-16 He says Kasztner was a traitor. 03:59:54 Shots of horse-drawn carts lined up along the road, waiting to reach Grabow's mill. People watch from tables. Rotem recalls how a crowd of Polish spectators gathered. Video comes back on identifying slate which reads "34A Video." (01:10:22) After her factory job, she was given a job in the women's police force organized by Rumkowski. Pankiewicz says that he had Jewish friends even before the war and that he only thinks in terms of good people and bad people, not Jew and non-Jew. FILM ID 3753 -- Camera Rolls 1-2 01:07:04 End The rabbi says that Israel was God's miracle. CR22 Hilberg continues to talk about secrecy and the attempt to reduce anxiety or reinforce hope among the Jewish community about their fate. Tamir says that he says of course it was natural for Kasztner to want to save his family, but not at the price of collaboration. Retrouvez toutes les news, photos, films, séries, informations à propos de Heinz Schubert (12/11/1925 - 12/02/1999) CR15 Seventy-nine men and 4 women were prisoners working in the Ponari forest. 00:06:41 End. FILM ID 3164 -- Camera Roll #37 -- 07:00:03 to 07:11:12 Highway signs above cars driving passed. CR30A (this correlates to Roll 30 in the transcript and on the clapperboard) Glazar describes the so-called "Hofjuden" (court Jews), who wore special armbands and assisted the SS and the Ukrainian guards. When Borowi makes a sound he considers an imitation of their language, Lanzmann presses him on it. Her family wanted to move to Palestine and become farmers despite having little knowledge of what such an endeavor would entail. Pankiewicz says no, although he was so bound up with the Jews, that he believed that what happened to them would also happen to him. Lanzmann points out that there were killings and deportations in Siauliai as well, but Gewecke says they occurred before his time. Pehle recounts his dealings with Rabbi Kalmanowitz, head of the religious rescue organization Vaad Hatzalah. When Eppstein, in Berlin, found out about this he was upset with Murmelstein. This audio roll begins with a some minutes of non-interview related chatter. Jacques Marin, né le 9 septembre 1919 à Paris et mort le 10 janvier 2001 à Cannes, est un acteur français Lanzmann asks if they took any money from Treblinka and Glazar says that both he and Unger took diamonds, which they hid in shaving soap. (10:50) Lanzmann stands in a clearing, speaking French. Forst further describes Weissmandel's manner when he met him after the war. He is talking to someone off camera. They discuss the structure of the ghetto administration, which was divided between the Gebietskommissar and the SD. She begins to describe her family's deportation from Vienna on February 1, 1942. Roll 5 In response to a question from Lanzmann, Prause says that when he was in Lemberg (Lvov/Lviv) there was no ghetto yet and that the Janowska concentration camp came much later. FILM ID 3145 -- Camera Rolls #147,148,150,152 Lanzmann continues to talk with Kryshak, asking about his operation and age. Scenes shot from the back seat of Srebnik riding in the passenger seat of a car, in Poland. The guide takes Lanzmann to the Fundraising Department of the AJC. 00:06:15 Woman at the mic announces “207” and a man approaches, showing her that number tattooed on his arm as a joke and they laugh. Lanzmann mentions Henryk Gawkowski, but Kryshak says he did not know him. FILM ID 3743 -- Treblinka 18 -- TR 22-25 (audio only) (9.30) There are several long plots of land in this clearing, as well as a stone marker. Both were damaged during the war, and while the synagogue was completely destroyed the cemetery remains, though it is no longer in use. She and her new husband had planned to flee to the Soviet Union but found that it was impossible. He states that the Nazis cut the scene in which he appeared because Eppstein also appeared in the scene and the Nazis had executed Eppstein. People on the sidewalk. Several of the twelve messengers survived and reported after the war that they were kicked out by the ghetto community - people simply did not want to know. Camera Roll New York 63. Hilberg discusses the administrative problems and compromises made between the Army and the Reichsbahn regarding the funding of the mass deportations. COR 26 A similar shot. FILM ID 3777 -- Camera Rolls 33,43,44 The letter reads pleasantly, but Avriel explains the code words that reveal it is a letter about the extermination of millions of Jews. CU of Inge Deutschkron speaking with Lanzmann. Adds that one proposal of getting money out of the German Jewry pioneered by finance minister Hjalmar Schacht was to use the German Jewry as ransom. Everything was a front, says Rossel, and most of the prisoners there were people of importance, and all of them were very passive. "When fear is not justified, it becomes anxiety, and this is even more deadly." He says that men like Streckenbach could have helped him and his fellow defendants quite a bit by testifying on their behalf at Nuremberg, by saying in front of the whole world that those who bore the real responsibility were not those sitting in the prisoners' dock. Some of the doomed prisoners sang the Czech national anthem and some the Hatikvah. At Cafe Wien, an older couple dances in a decorated dining room with a large chandelier. The fires turned the heavens red above the graves. One waves to the camera. He tries again to end the conversation and Lanzmann asks where Kretschmer's wife is, then again offers Kretschmer money to continue the interview. Both Marton and her husband were Zionists, and she had no contact with the orthodox community. The biggest challenge was hiding the sand from the tunnel between walls and in the roof without being discovered. It is fall and they wear warm clothing. 08:09:21 The smell was so bad that when the wind blew from the direction of the camp, it was impossible to work. After the initial reaction of the Jews to the invasion, which included many suicides, life returned to a kind of normal existence. The negative reel (picture) has ended and it is only audio until 04:25:41. (24.22) Filmed from the perspective of a passenger in a car, traveling down a road in a city. They sit in the kitchen, with the camera positioned to capture Kryshak. She says it was depressing because "they are people like we are." Church. Lanzmann reads the letters aloud again on camera roll 3. Looking out at the sea, the group of men sway as they sing. The Brandt mission in 1944, meant to exchange trucks for Jews, was doomed to failure because of this dichotomy. Silent shot of Angelika Schrobsdorff, Lanzmann's interpreter (and wife) in profile, wearing sunglasses. Many were shot. FILM ID 3632 -- Mengele Factory Workers 2 -- prise 1,2,3,4,5 (audio only) CR19 About half of the prisoners did not know about the escape plan until a few days before it happened. As a result, many people died standing, packed in the train cars. Lanzmann raises the question of collaboration and acknowledges the survivors’ openness as they talk. Lanzmann talks with a group of children in an attempt to discern current attitudes toward Jews. He also says that the Jewish mistakes pale in comparison to the mistakes made by those in the rest of the world. The ICRC first became suspicious when the Germans refused to provide any news of the Jews held in the camps. FILM ID 3392 -- Grabow Synagogue (White 27) -- 07:00:08 to 07:18:14 (11:58) A black and white photograph of a room filled with shoes. Vivement lundi prochain —————— Nice interview in a French…” Meer informatie Bekijk deze pin en meer op Josephine Jobert van Karl-Heinz Schubert . The Germans first required him to prove that he was not Jewish. Murmelstein talks about Theresienstadt as a cover for Auschwitz. The interview, which also includes Schneider's mother and sister, covers topics such as the perception of Viennese Jews by Latvian Jews, sex and pregnancy in the ghetto, and the March 26, 1942 deportation Aktion. He vehemently states he sat behind a desk for the duration of the war and that he was only responsible for arranging train schedules. August Miete, the SS man in charge of the infirmary was nicknamed the "angel of death." FILM ID 3176 -- Camera Rolls #61-62 -- 19:00:00 to 19:22:31 Lanzmann asks Marton how they lived with that, how did they look each other in the eye? Andre Steiner, an architect, discusses the Judenrat and resistance activities in Slovakia with Lanzmann. She speaks about the complicity of the Jewish Community in the deportations and the irony that those who should have been supporting them were facilitating their fate. The water at the camp was already spoiled (from the corpses in the mass graves?). She says that each person was allotted a certain number of square feet to live in. Grabow citizens frequent the market, engage in conversation, drive carts around the town center. Once, when carrying a sack of potatoes back into the ghetto, a guard caught his group and marched them to the cemetery, known to be the execution place. He says that he worked hard at lowly jobs, even though he didn't need to because people offered him money. 01:06:53 FDR Drive south with views of the Manhattan Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge. However, Rotem was not prepared to help a large group of Jews escape from the ghetto so soon. As an example of what he terms "the grotesque," Broad tells a story about an Jew named Unikower who was arrested by the Soviets after he was liberated from Auschwitz. Lanzmann asks Tamir what he remembers of this time. FILM ID 3750 -- Camera Rolls 14-16 “Tr 80” Family on a wagon. 06.12.2019 - Karl-Heinz Schubert hat diesen Pin entdeckt. The Germans did not give an explanation for this order. (8:48-10:34) Reel break - there is no image. He went in a "sondercoupe" with other Jewish representatives. 01:05:27 Mute shots of the synagogue. 05:20:00 On CR #54 Barbara Janicka translates Polish to French. CR9 03:22:40 Lanzmann asks Smolar if he still considers Communism a solution to the Jewish problem. Retirages de Shoah (43:16) [Tu ne commetras pas de crime Boite G. Łódź] Lanzmann asks how he started working on the Holocaust in Israel and Bauer explains that it was impossible for him as a historian not to deal with it and that he was scared to do so. They are dust, economic and moral dust... only a remnant shall survive. (01:25:55) Describes American consulates in 1938 and 1939 as unreceptive to issuing European Jews visas. She notes that pogroms started a year after she came back to Łódź and says that was why she left. Claims that antisemitism coupled with isolationism and the followers of Charles Lindbergh legitimized the anti rescue and anti refugee view of the general American public. One of the prisoners, named Youri, was an engineer. Lanzmann comments that often people do not use the word "Ich/I" so they may distance themselves from the reality of what happened. Lanzmann asks and Suchomel says he will suffer for having brought all the old memories to light. He says that the old Jews always talked about a time when they would have to perish, but he does not know why. TR 93. He then discusses the escape of Jews to China via the trans-Siberian railroad in 1940. Zaidel’s daughter, Hanna, whispers into her father’s ear and Claude stops the filming to record what Hanna says. FILM ID 3324 -- Camera Rolls #33-37 -- 11:00:06 to 11:32:38 Borowi answers yes, because of his accent and his gait. Lanzmann and Vrba discuss the arrival of the Greek Jews, and how different they looked and spoke (most spoke Ladino) [CLIP 2 ENDS]. He says he remembers everything, and that Poniatowo is the closest village to the Treblinka camp. He describes an Aktion where the Germans buried Jewish children alive under the watch of the German general commissioner Wilhelm Kube. Lanzmann asks Müller how it was possible to survive in an atmosphere where death was so pervasive. The camera zooms in on her, then out. The AJC fosters cooperation with other non-Jewish groups for the mutual goal of freedom and security of all people. FILM ID 4607 -- Feingold (NY) -- Camera Rolls 149,151,153 They hid in the water until late at night and then fled. Schalling says that the stench was terrible, spread over everything and lasted day and night. A tall red post with a sign: "Piotrkow Trybunalski.”The cameraperson walks forward. They walk to a street where he points out the houses in which Jews once lived. Most of the students respond that they personally do not consider themselves survivors of the Holocaust, but that their people are. In the beginning, they killed them running. 04:11:25 TR 103 Lanzmann meets an 84-year-old man in the village of Poniatowo, who remembers both wars. In a different location, Aaron explains (in French) that many Jews arrived at the roundup because they were afraid the villagers would denounce them. He knew about the ghetto wall being built and was not surprised by the events that unfolded. Lanzmann mentions that Suchomel told him about a "Treblinka hymn" and Glazar says that this was Kurt Franz's idea and that the prisoners were forced to sing the song several times a day. FILM ID 3792 -- Coupes Famille Ponari – Camera Rolls 22A,23B,24A,24D,24B,22B,23A,24C FILM ID 3196 -- Bobine 3. Piwonski tells of them trying to sell items that were stolen from the Jews. However, word of his classes had spread and three or four trucks full of Jewish books arrived at Theresienstadt, in order for Murmelstein to create a bibliography. The money ended up going to Eichmann. FILM ID 3768 -- Camera Rolls 1-3 Men stand under tree outside of the church in Wlodowa. He mentions a book by Friedlander which misrepresented Baeck's deportation number, because everything about Baeck's story should be tragic. Camp Doubles, Chutes Bte 22 Camp Pictet states that the ICRC had to work within the bounds set by the precedent of limited protesting the ICRC had established. Later Avriel learned from Sharet that Brand was arrested. Marton says that Kasztner's use of the the term "Noah's Ark" to describe the transport was correct, and that there were people from all classes on the list. Various clips including: Close-ups of Forst, a sketch of Forst (?) All three had to state their names repeatedly, as for instance, "I am the Jew, Hermann Israel Kempinsky", then were mocked and insulted by the police sergeant. Chelmno'; close-up of a memorial plaque, which reads (in Polish) 'Here lie the ashes of 340,000 Polish Jews and 20,000 Jews from other European countries'; the camera zooms out from the plaque, showing that it is affixed to a stone at the foot of an enormous field; a shot of the memorial on the site of Chelmno: a huge concrete slab with the words of a poem written by a Chelmno prisoner. She continues to talk about her arrival to the camp, being sent to the snowy mountain to work, and trying to survive the cold. 04:33:20 FILM ID 4628 -- Panama Ville PA 15.16.14 FILM ID 3867 -- Camera Rolls #7-8. Zaidel tells of the time the Germans brought dogs with them to the forest. Video is missing from 04:18:30 to 04:21:44. They tell the story of a woman who had a child born in the ghetto. Kovner wishes to speak about the Judenrat but decides to wait on that. Arnon says that he does not think that the members of the Council knew about the gas chambers. 05:34:18 Vrba takes strong exception to this, calling it a whitewash. CR 96B: 05:07:54 repeats from a different camera. The camera is now focused more tightly on Schalling. FILM ID 3872 -- Camera Rolls TALA 6-10 Allies (7.38) The backs of locomotives, some with smoke coming out of them. Man in a red sweater reading in the center of the room. He went to Treblinka three times a week. Inge says things only got worse after the enactment of the Nuremberg laws. Lanzmann asks Lichtman to talk about Ilana Safran (or Shafran), a Dutch Jew who worked with Lichtman, but she starts to tell the story and does not finish it. Building with sign “Kiosk Spozywczy” [Food Kiosk]. Since Inge's father was in the most immediate danger, he left on April 19, 1939. He stops, looks back, and shrugs. As this was not done, the Germans did not see that the murder of European Jewry was a top issue with the Allies. Murmelstein told him that if they both survived Murmelstein would convince the Joint to give Eppstein his dollars. In response to a question from Lanzmann Suchomel says he thinks he recognizes the name of Abraham Bomba. Simple wooden fence with low, grey buildings on the horizon. 04:28:46 Lanzmann is shocked by Itsak Gruenbaum's text which seems contradictory because while he was on a public committee to save the European Jews he was also placing Zionist edification above the rescue. A period of hesitation between the second half of 1940-1941 and the unmanaged destruction of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 prompted the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942. COR 23 COR 24 The carriage takes the road along the water. Claims that the American Jewry treated not as badly as other ethnic minorities such as the Germans and the Irish from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Lanzmann asks him what he knows about the conference and corrects him when he describes it as persecution rather than destruction of the Jews. Murmellstein got in an argument with Guenther when Guenther asked Murmelstein how he liked the film and Murmelstein said that he did not like it at all, because the people were not shown working. She says that conditions were very primitive: no running water, no electricity. She was born in Auschwitz and has never left. For a couple of days she did not realize what happened at the camp, until the workers began to build a building to contain the possessions of the murdered Jews. Roll 3A Closer view of Gewecke. Spiess describes how the Jews were processed upon entering the camp. Fuzzy image of a hand covering the camera lens. He observes a growing gap between technology's rapid transformation and morality's relative stagnation. [CLIP 3 BEGINS] Lanzmann asks him about the view held by many that the Poles didn't help the Jews in the ghetto. CR11 Lanzmann and Glazar are now sitting outside at a table with a bridge and a river visible in the background. Mrs. Oppenheimer says that those caught exchanging goods were killed - men were hanged and women shot. 01:02:50 End “Bob 1” River and sky, sunset. Pan of snow-covered ruins, pit, ground, pan up to barbed-wire fence and building rubble. 02:11:44 Silent CUs of Mordu's tattoo and face. Schalling denies knowledge of this but says that his superior Hoefing (?) Wagon passes with three men. 02:22:45 Merlin claims the Zionist leadership gave the impression that their aim was to liberate and rescue the Jewish masses when in fact they wished to transform a small minority of young people through education so they would be prepared to go to Palestine and "live a life which is not plagued and degraded by the life of the Jews in Europe." In 1943, there were 20,000 partisans in the forest, including Jewish children. Lanzmann asks whether Broad was at the selection ramp many times and Broad says that he was not assigned any duties at the ramp. Tram. Woman at mic says its a pleasure to have seen so many people come out this year. They are now being filmed from across the street. Kryshak agrees with this, but says that 'Treblinka' didn't mean anything to him at the time. Wirth reorganized the Germans, and assigned Suchomel to be head of the "Gold Jews." The prints were in cans marked "Retirages de Shoah" which roughly translates to "Miscellaneous Reprints of Shoah". CU, entrance to Auschwitz. In the new gas chamber perhaps 200 could fit in at a time and 3,000 people could be "done" in two hours. Lanzmann asks about Podchlebnik's past, saying that he looks young. Lanzmann asks Pankiewicz why he wrote a book about his experiences. FILM ID 3332 -- Camera Rolls #5-7 -- 02:00:07 to 02:34:13 FILM ID 3171 -- Camera Rolls #50-52 -- 14:00:04 to 14:22:44 Lanzmann asks Murmelstein how he decided to take on the responsibility for the beautification of the ghetto (before the Red Cross visit in 1944). FILM ID 3769 -- Camera Rolls 4-6 Lanzmann asks whether the SS had any inkling that the revolt was about to happen but Glazar is not sure. Their thoughts were not about how to escape, but about where their families were, what they were going to bring, how they were going to live. He had also learned a few days previously that the resistance had decided to postpone the uprising yet again. CR1 Andre Steiner was born into an assimilated Czechoslovakian Jewish family. 08:10:26 Lanzmann presses whether they really knew what was happening in the camp, and the woman says it would take an entire day to discuss everything that happened. He met Fredy Hirsch, a German Jew who had emigrated to Prague. Night has fallen, and a group of people sit further inland. He witnessed unidentified SS men wearing gas masks pour Zyklon B through the roofs of the gas chambers.